Door-lock.



W. H. THOMAS.

DOOR LOCK. APPLICATION FILED sEPT.1o, 1906.

Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. E. THOMAS.

DOOR LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED sEPT.1o, 1906.

Patented Jan. 11,1910.

2 SHEETS*SHEET 2.

. position.

WILLIAM H. THOMAS, or WHITTIEB, CALIFORNIA.

DOOR-LOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 11, 1910.

Application filed September r10, 1906. Serial No. 334,044.

' b all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. THOMAS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Whittier, in the county of Los Angeles and .State of California, have invented a new and useful Door-Lock, of which'the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a lock having 'a 'dead-bolt and a latch-bolt with a guard l locked by tumblers that are preferably actuated by gravity, and among other features, comprises improvements upon-the door locks shown in my applications for door locks filed in the United States Patent Ot'ce as follows: Serial No. 287,490, tiled November 15, 1905; Serial No. 296,266, filed January 16, 1906.

It is of the objects of this invention:

(-To provide a simple form of combin cylinder and mortise lock having the advantages of the locks shown in said for-- mer ap lications, and having an improved doubleocking and secure arrangement of simpler form, being also reversible.

(2)-To provide a superior cheap pand durable cylinder lock for a door-lock.

(3)-To4 provide van extensible cylinder lock for a door-lock.

4)-To provide a wide range of play' for the tumblers that guard the dead-bolt operating means. i

(5)-To provide an improved tumblerlocked Joarrel or cylinder.

(6)-To maintain the ravity -actuated tumblers in operative position.

This invention includesI a novel feature in lock construction; viz.,-a new form of tumbler which, for lack of al better name, I shall term a pin tumbler. Said tumbler is in the nature of a pintumbler, and is carried in a slot in a rotating barrel, and-is preferably slotted to receive the outside key which is in the form of a pin-tumbler key,

but owing to the peculiar construction of these novel tumblers, the key may be provided with a very great range of variation in the notches -or teeth for the purpose ofadjustin'g the tumblers to their un ocking Other objects are: Y u (7)-To provide a in-tumbler lock that taken apart and reassembled,

(8)-To provide a pin-tumbler lock in which the combination can be readily chtn'ged and reassembled by one unskilled in loc Is.

(9)-To provide a novel pin-tumbler lock which admits of the use of large size pin-tumblers without requiring a relatively large construction of the other parts of the lock, so that the lock may be made entirely of bronze and can be plated throughout while assembled, thus avoiding all liability of corrosion or rust.

(10)-To provide a reversible in-tumbler mortise-lock that may be rea ily fastened securely 1n, and readily removed from the door while the door is open, and that cannot be removed in whole or in part while the door is closed.

Some of the novel features of this invention by which the improvements herein enumerated are effected may be mentioned as follows, viz.,-providing slotted tumblers that lock'on opposite sides of the barrel; providing a new form of key-cylinder or barrel; providing a slotted double-threaded sleeve constructed so that the lock is adapted to any thickness of door without undue thickness of lock; mounting a `key-rotatable disk and a pin-tumbler containing a keybarrel, coaxially of each other, both in one case, and providing eachV with an eccentric key-hole, so that. if, by any means, the disk is turned relative to the barrel no one can fully insert a key into the barrel or any instrument into the key-hole of the disk, thus absolutely guarding the works of the lock from being reached or tampered with.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

vI `igu re 1 is a fragmental vertical midsection of my newly-invented lock on line 021, Fig. 4, showin the lock installed in a door ,and thelati-key and main key in position and turned to )artially Withdraw the dead-bolt. The tum lers are in unlocking position.l Fig. 2 is a fragmental plan section on line m2, Fig. 1, showing the keys,

intact. Fig. 3 is a View of the cylindrical portion of the lock from the left of Fig. 1

after the key has been withdrawn. The

tumblers in locked position are shown in dotted lines.V .,Fig. 4 is a fragmental'section on llne Figs. 1A and 2, looking left. and

showing the dead-bolt half unlocked. Fig. is a. fragmental-sectionfcorresponding to F ig.l 4,-except that the knob-shank of the door is cut on line m5, Fig. 1, and the keys 5 are turned to fully Withdraw both bolts. Fig. 6 is a view showing the arts of the cylindrical portion of the lock isassembled. Fig. 7 is a fragmental perspective view showing the lock in the process ofv inserting the same into a mortise in a door. Fig. 8 is a ragmental sectional vievv near the screw 31 in Fig. 2, showing the parts in position ybefore the key is turned. Fig. 9 is a fra mental section corresponding to Fig. 8 wir the key turned as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 10 is a'vieiv of thepmain key as it is provided for the trade.

1 is a lock-frame or case, 2 a latch bolt, and 3 a dead-bolt. The latter is adapted to lock the former and also both knobs by contacting with the hub-lever when the deadbolt is in locking position.

4 is a shank-for operating the latch-bolt; the same being provided with a iconstant knob 5 `for invariabl operating the latchbolt when the dead-bolt is not in lookin position, and with a releasable knob 6 Whic may, in the manner hereinafter set forth, be disengaged from the shank orthe shankoperating means to rotate Without operating the latch-bolt.

7 is a dead bolt operating key having a web 8 inside the case to move the bolts 2 and 3 out of locking position, and to positively move the dead-bolt into locking position.

9'is a pivoted arm or lever operable by the web 8 of the kev and slidably connected to operate the latch-bolt 2 when the dead-bolt is in unlocked osition. Rotatable internal means in the orm of a disk 10 having an angular hole 10 to receive the angular stem' 11 of the key 7 is provided for 'rota-ting said key from the side'of the lock opposite the thumb-piece or handle 7.

12 is a pin-tumbler outside key adapted to rotate the cylinder lock and to engage and rotate the internal key-rotating'means 10 from the side of the case op osite the key 7.

13 is a rotatable extenslb e guard in the nature of a cylinder lock. The same forms part of the lock to uard the internal keyrotating means 10 rom operation by the pin tumbler key, which comprises a slotted externally and internally threaded sleeve 14 having an equilateral dove-tail base 15 adapted to reversibly seat in a dove-tail way 16 in the lock-case.

17 is a slotted, threaded barrel-case or 30 sleeve screwed into the sleeve 14 and havin0 a bore 18' and provided with an enlarge( .counter-bore 18 1n its inner end. .19 lis -arecessed and slotted tumbler-barrel e5 provided with a flange-head 20 in the counin the slotted barrel-case 17. The same isl ter-bore 18 and with a. flange-head 20 in the bore 18', and provided with a longitudinal key-hole slot 21 that extends through the barrel from end to end; said tumbler barrel is also provided with transverse tumbler recesses 22 that extend entirely through the barrel across the same.

23 designates forked pin tumblers, each of a length approximately equal to the diameter of the bore 18' that contains the barrel. 75 Each of said forked tumblers has a key-slot 24 open at one end of the tumbler and extending from such end toward the other end of the tumbler and adapted to admit a pintumbler-key 12. The heads and forked endsl 30 of said tumblers are adapted to project from opposite sides of the reduced portion of the barrel 19 which is between the flanges 20 and 20 of said barrel, to enter the oppositely arranged slots 25, 26, in the slotted barrel-case or sleeve 17 when the barrel 19 is in locking position, and to be Wholly removed from said slots when the appropriate pin-tumbler 'key 12 is properly lnserted to act on the bridges of the pin-tumblers to bring said tumblers into exact alinement with the periphery of the barrel.

28 1s a cylindrical external guard-case which is internally screw-threaded to screw on to the double-threaded sleeve 14. The same is provided with a circular opening 29 in which the barrel 19 and case 17 terminate at the outside of the lock. 27 designates partitions between the slots 22. The ard-case 28 is flan ed at its outer end an tits over the escutceon 30 of the lock, and said guardcase is fastened against rotation by means of .a screw 31 screwed through a hole 32 in the guard-case andl through one of the slots 33 of the externally and internally threaded sleeve 14, and thence into a screw-threaded hole 34 in the barrel-case 17, thus rigidly securing the guard-case 28, the slotted and threaded sleeve 14, and the barrel-case 17 together, so that when the dove-tailed base 15 1,10 1s in its dove-tailed Way 16 in the lock-case the parts above named are fixed against rotation, and also against Withdrawal Afrom the case 1. l

For the purpose of adapting the lock to be mounted on either a right or' left swinging door, the lock-case is provided on each s1 e with a dove-tail Way 16, and a key-hole plate 35 is provided to slide in either way 16 on the side of the lock-case opposite the pin- 12C tumbler case.

In order to install a lock, the door 36 will be rovided with a mortise 37 in which the loc -case may be inserted, and a hole 38 will be provided through one side of the door on either the right or leftv side of said mortise 37,-accordin to whether the door is hung to open to rig t or left,to admit the dovetail base-plate 15 and to'accommodate the guard-case 28 on such side, and-an extension 130 38 of the Ahole is provided to admit the key T on the other side. Said extension 38 will be of suiicient size to admit the key- 7.

The escutcheon-plate 30 is provided with a circular hole 39 into which the body of the guardrase 28 iitssnugly, and the guard-case will be inserted through said Vhole while the escutcheon-plate is detached and before the contents of the guard-case are assembled therein. Then the assembling'of said con tents is accomplished, and after the internally-threaded sleeve 14 with its dove-t-ail base 15 has been brought into place and secured by the screw 31, the shank of knob 6 will be inseited through the hole 40 therefor in the escutcheon-plate and will be secured by suitable means as pin 41. T hen the disk lOwill be placed in the counter-bore 18, and then the case 28 and the stem of the knob 6 willibe inserted through the hole and l42 provided in the door therefor, and brought into position with the dove-tail edges of the base 15 in vertical positiomas shown in Fig. T. Then the case of the lock will be slid into the inortise 3T as indicated in Fig. 7, until the dove-tail way 16 on one side of the lock fully seats the. dove-tail base 15, thus bringing the key-hole 43 of the keyhole-plate 35,-which has previously been insertedv into the dove-tail way on the oppositeside of the lock, into line with the-socket 10 and the key-slot. 21 of the barrel. Said key-holeplate 35 will then be fastened in place by a screw t4 inserted -through the square hole 38 and passed through one of the four holes 45 in the plate and screwed into one of the holes 4 in the base 15.` B y this construction and arrangement, the cylindrical por-` tion or guard of the lock, if desired, can be brought to the proper position `to cause the tumblers to operate by gravity with their heads or bridges up ermost. Y

The key 7 may permanently secured to the escutcheon-plate 47 by 'a pin 48, and then said escutcheon-plate may be brought into position and .secured in the usual Way by screws not shown, whereupon the shaitk 4 of the knob 5 may be inserted through the cscutcheon-plate 4'( and secured by the usual lock 49, and thereuponl the lock is ready for use. By releasing 'the lock 49 the'shank -t may be again withdrawnfrom the shank of knob 6 to disengage the saine and allow knob (i to rotafte freely.

lt is `to be understood that the lock-case will be secured in the mortise `by-the'usual screws 5()y passed through the face-plate 51. The lock is adjusted as to the thickness of the door by, means of the several screwthreaded parts of the pin-tumbler guard orl cylindrical ortion 13. This will be linderstood by re erence to 'Figs 8 and 9 as compared with each other.

The stein 11 of the main key 7 may be of suitable length, to enter the socket 1 0 of the disk under the diiferent adjustments of the lock, and at the time for installing lthe'loek the surplus portion of the stem may be cut 0H, thus adapting said key for the thickness of the door in which the lock is installed. This will be understood by reference to `Figs. 10, 1 and 2.

Vhen the shank 4 is rotated it operates the latch-bolt 2. lVhen the key 7 is rotated it acts upon the pivoted lever 9 and also upon the usual lock mechanism.

It is apparent that the tuinblers may he moved -by springs in the usual way, but I prefer to depend upon gravity for returning the pin .tumblers to normal locking position, and it is for that reason that the internallythreaded thimble 1J: is provided with the equilateralbase 15 and the case is provided with the way 1G to tit said base. for thereby the base maybe withdrawn and turned in differentpositions as may be required to bring the width of the longitudinal key-hole slot 21 into a vertical position. so that the )in-tuinblers 23 will normally fall by`grav-' ity tobrino' the bridges 2T of the tumblers across the key-slot or pin-tumbler key-way, and also to project into the transverse tunibler slots 22. Said slots 22 form recesses in which the pin-tumblersl engage.

2 is the disk key-hole into which the point 53 of the outside key inserts to allow the key to enter fully home to properly lift the tumblers and to turn the disk to operate the lock from the outside. The key 12 when inserted into the'lock in the act ofloeking or unlocking willenter the hole 52, and when fully inserted and turned will rotate the disk, and through it the inner-key 7 and web 8 and the lock mechanism, as herein-v after set forth. It is to be noted that whenever the inner key is turnedto bring the key-v hole 52 out of line with the key-slot it becomes impossible to insert the outer key, for the reason that the projecting point 53 prevents the key from going home so as to lift the tumblers out of locking position.

The tumblers 23 are somewhat in the na# ture of pin tumblers, but are distinctive, in that they are adapted to project alternately from eitherof two op osite sides of the barrel, and each is comp ete in itself and operable without the use of plungers in the case. They are referably constructed, as shown of a fiat orm, as plates or slabs, plain at Atheir sides, each having a head that forms projections at the edges of one end, and they are slotted in their lower ends opposite the head ends to receive the key which is to operate them. The advantages of this construction are numerous and among them may be noted their adaptability to operate by force of gravity, since each can be made of considerable weight, thereby doing away with all springs. This feature is made available in connection with the adjustability of the lock to the thickness of the door,

by so constructing the lock, as hereinbefore g explained, that the heads of the tumblers may always be brought uppermost when the lock is finally installed.

By slotting the tumblers, making them equal in length to the diameter of the bore that contains the barrel, and dispensing with springs, the greater portion of the entire length of each tumbler is made available for variation in length of slot, to allow great variation in the key. The tumblers can be made much longer than the ordinary pintumblers, and therefore allow a greater numi ber of changes in the key. The outermost l tumbler may be provided with a very short slot and may serve as a curtain or closure t for the greater extent of the key-hole, so that when the key is out of the lock the outerf most tumbler will exclude the inner tumblers from view until said outermost tumbler is raised; andv by making the slots of the inner tumblers longer than those of the outer tumblers the head of the outerl most tumbler will invariably enter the upper slot and rock the barrel from rotation by any instruments which would lift the inner tumblers out of their lockingposition. By reference to Figs. 8 and 9 it will be seen that when the tumblers are free and their heads up, they are heldby gravity in the slot 2G, thus preventing the barrel from being turned. As the slot of the inner tumbler is sov much longer than the outer tumg bler, when any instrument is inserted through the slot of the outer tumbler and made effective to raise an inner tumbler, it will lift the outer tumbler sutiiciently to bring its head into the slot 25 `and thereby lock the lock. The tumbler slots 24 are preferably somewhat wider than the key-slot 21 in the bart rel, thus to prevent the tumblers from being operated upon by pressing against them sidet wise with an'y instrument that may be in- I serted through the key-hole slot. The length of the tumblers corresponds to the diameter of the bore of the slotted sleeve 17, so that unless the tumbler is brought exactly to -the right position it will either lock with said 5 sleeve at the head or the foot of the tumbler. i The heads of the tumblers are longer than l the width of the foot-slot 26, so that the heads will not catch in the foot-slot while l the barrel is bein turned. Not only does i the outermost tum ler serve as a curtain for I l all of the other tumblers, but a third tumbler may be provided with a short slot -Which will serve as a curtain for the last tumbler. ln the drawings such construction is clearly shown in Fig. 6. y

ln order that adjustment to the different thicknesses of doors may be made to a. very line dcgree,-say the one-hundredth part of an inch,-the screw threads of the portions l vided with a suitable number of slots,

being shown, so 'that the screw 3l may be 14 and 28 may be twenty-tive to the inch and the double-threaded sleeve 14 may be proour passed through one of said slots and into the screw-hole therefor at each quarter turn of the parts relative to each other, so thatthe sleeve may be extended or contracted and securely fastened a quarter of a turn at a time, thus giving an adjustment to one-hundredth of an inch. The barrel is notched at the top being cut away at the sides of the slots, as at 62, between its heads 20 and 20 to let the heads of the tumblers fall down, so that when the barrel is in position with are brought to rest, the slotted ends of said lock the barrel. The combination of the lock may be changed by simply changing the relative positions of the tumblers. For convenience each tumbler may be provided with a designating mark as shown at 63 and each key may have a series of corresponding Adesignating marks, as shown at 64C.

54 is the hub lever of the knobs, operable in the usual way by the arms 55 on the hub 56 of the knob land held in latching position by the spring 57. A

58 is a pin on the hub lever, for connecting the same with the latch lever 2 and the pivoted lever 9 which has a slot 59 to accommodate the pin and is pivoted. at 60 be low the level of the key web 8 and extends into the pat-h .of said web so asto retract the latch 2 against the pressure ofspring 57.

By this arrangement the latch bolt 2 may be a plain straight bolt perforated to receive the pin 58 and may be reversed to form a right or left lock by simply turning over. v

(31 is an arm on the rear end of the' dead bolt 3 to lock the latch bolt through the medium ofthe hub lever 54 as indicated in Fig. 7. Vhen the dead-boltfis locked the knobs are both locked except in .case the outer one has been detached from the shank of the inner one. The latch bolt is likewise positively locked at the same time. Butwhen the key is turned either by the inside handle or thumb-piece 7, or the outside or right key l2, the web 8contacting with, the

the knobs are normally locked. The right key unlocks both bolts.

B v providing the forked tumblers 2? having the slots 24 thereof arranged axially of I, the tumblers as shown in the drawings, a

the notches 62 uppermost, and the tumblers llt) greater range of play for said tumblers is given for the reason that a greater portion of the tumbler is made available for locating the key-engaging face thereof; that is to say, by this construction the width of the key may be extended to nearly the full diameter of the bore of the barrel, and all of dieser,

the space between the middle of the head and consequently for Variations in the key.

of by the tension of springs, a greater range of variation and movement of the tumbler is made available.

I claim 1. In a lock, the. combination of a barrel, slotted tumblers in said barrel adapted to extend alternately on either side of the barrel, and having one end larger than the other, a case provided with slots to receive the large and small ends of said tumblers speCtiVely, one of said slots being lsmaller than the larger ends of the tumblers, the said barrel being adapted to be rotated by a key adapted to adjust the tumblers.

2. The combination of a lock frame, an extensible cylinder lock fastened to one side of the frame, rotatable means free from said lock for turning a key, and a key adjustably connected with said rotatable means.

3. A barrel lock provided with a barrel, a case therefor and tumblers free in said barrel and adapted to move under the force' of gravity toward diametrically opposite sides of said barrel as the barrel is rotated.

et. In a lock, the combination of a barrel havin@ a reduced siotted ortion, the 4slots of which extend diametrica l f therethrough, a slotted case therefor, tumblers in the slots of said barrel, carried by and revoluble with said barrel and adapted to project the barrel on both sides thereof ane to gage the slots of the' ease, and a key for ad justing saidtumblers to bring all their ends simultaneously iush with the interior of the case.

5. A lock comprising a key-guard having a barrel provided with flanged ends, and a reduced intermediate body transversely slot ted from side to side to receive guard tumblers, tumblers in said transverse slots,`each adapted to project from either side of the barrel and provided with a slot to register with the key-Way and also provided with a head to engage the reduced portion of the barrel, and a plurality of keys, each diverse from the other and adapted to adjust the tumblers in the lock when arranged in a deterinined order, and having numbers on the 68 and the other end of the tumbler may be utilized' for variations in the tumblers.

key and corresponding numbers on the tum- -blers to indicate the tumbler-way in which 3 the tumbler must be mounted in order to be By em loying tumblers as shown, operable f exclusive y by the force of gravity instead i 7. In a lock provided with a dead bolt, anY

extensible cylinder-guard on one side provided With key-slot and movable pin tumblers and a pin-tumbler-key to move said pin-tumblers, in combination with an engaging key on the lother side, said engaging key being adapted to lock the dead-bolt and to render the pin-tumblerkey inoperable.

8. In a lock rovided with a slotted containing-case and) a barrel, tumblers provided with gravity-operated forked and headed ends acting transversely in the barrel and constructed to engage slots in the containing ease so that a key to operate the saine may be rovided With a greater range of variation 1n its notches than is usual.

9. In a lock, a barrel, free, gravitybperated forked and headed tumblers acting in the transverse slots of the barrel, in combination with a slotted containing case, a key adapted to operate said tumblers, and an auxiliary means for locking the dead-bolt independently of said key and preventive of the operation of said key.

' l0. In a lock, the combination of loose, free-moving tumblers having stop-lugs and forked slots' in opposite ends designed to pass through a slotted barrel in its revolu tion and to engage by means of the forked ends, siots in an enveloping case, by means of a notchedkey Whose notches correspond to the depth of the forks in said tumblers.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 4th i day 'of September 1906.

IV. H. THOMAS. In presence of JAMES R. ToWNsnND, ,IUMA TOWN-eene. 

